The Mathematics Strand underpins most of the other strands: its purpose is to provide a rigorous foundation for many
of the more applied concepts met in the other Strands. As such it is offered early in the course. Discrete Mathematics
represents abreath first rather than depth first treatment of concepts such as logic (cf. Programming), complexity and
recurrence (cf. Algorithms), sets (cf. Data Structures), enumeration (cf. Statistics), relations (cf. Databases) and
graphs (cf. Algorithms and Networking). Its purpose is to ensure that all students have a basic mathematical literacy
in such topics. In such a one semester course, the treatment will necessarily be at an introductory level, but the
concepts will be covered in greater depth later in the course, mainly in modules on other Strands
Applied Calculus ensures that students understand features of the real world such as rates of change (which are
critical to many sensing systems) and can manipulate relationships between quantities that vary on a continuous scale.
It also covers much of the engineering mathematics needed to understand the devices themselves, needed for the Devices
and Systems Strand, and shows how numerical methods reconcile the finite, discrete world of digital computers and
networks with the continuous world in which the IoT devices and networks are deployed. Mathematical Methods (in
Semester 3) builds on the Applied Calculus module in Semester 2, and shows how the rate of change concept is extended
to multivariate functions and its subsequent applications. However, the major focus of this module is on the concepts
and methods of linear algebra, and the various applications in other modules during the programme (e.g., state-space
modeling, computer vision and machine learning).